Montagu's Harrier (Circus pygargus)

Key Details

Taxonomic Groups: Vertebrate > bird > Bird
Red List Status: Critically Endangered (Breeding) [CR(br)]
D5 Status: Included in the baseline Red List Index for England (Wilkins, Wilson & Brown, 2022)
Section 41 Status: (not listed)
Taxa Included Synonym: (none)
UKSI Recommended Name: Circus pygargus
UKSI Recommended Authority: (Linnaeus, 1758)
UKSI Recommended Qualifier: (none specified)
Red List Citation: Stanbury et al., 2021
Notes on taxonomy/listing: (none)

Criteria

Question 1: Does species need conservation or recovery in England?
Response: Yes
Justification: Not bred in England since 2021.
Question 2: Does recovery/ conservation depend on species-specific actions?
Response: Yes
Justification: Legislation required to stop illegal raptor persecution. Nest losses through agricultural operations and disturbance
Question 3: At a landscape scale, would the species benefit from untargeted habitat management to increase habitat mosaics, structural diversity, or particular successional stages?
Response: No
Justification: Most nests are located in arable fields

Species Assessment

Current step on the Species Recovery Curve (SRC): 5. Remedial action identified
Recovery potential/expectation: Low - Relict or natural rarity
National Monitoring Resource: Opportunistic - sufficient
Species Comments: Actions will be reactive to presence of breeding birds.

Key Actions

Key Action 1

Proposed Action: Nest site protection required for known breeding attempts.

Action targets: 7. Best approach adopted at appropriate scales

Action type: Special (in situ) measure

Duration: Unknown

Scale of Implementation: ≤ 5 sites

High priority sites:

Comments:

Key Action 2

Proposed Action: Consider and as appropriate implement recommendations of the 2016 SPA Review for this species. Up to date evidence is required.

Action targets: 7. Best approach adopted at appropriate scales

Action type: Site protection

Duration: >10 years

Scale of Implementation: ≤ 5 sites

High priority sites:

Comments:

Key Action 3

Proposed Action: Investigate the feasibility for the reintroduction of Montagu's Harrier

Action targets: 5. Remedial action identified

Action type: (Re-)introduction

Duration: 1 year

Scale of Implementation: Not applicable

High priority sites:

Comments:

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Acknowledgment:
Data used on this website are adapted from Threatened species recovery actions 2025 baseline (JP065): Technical report and spreadsheet user guide (Natural England, 2025). Available here.