Zora nemoralis
Key Details
| Taxonomic Groups: | Invertebrate > spider (Araneae) > Spider |
| Red List Status: | Vulnerable (Not Relevant) [VU(nr)] |
| D5 Status: | Included in the baseline Red List Index for England (Wilkins, Wilson & Brown, 2022) |
| Section 41 Status: | (not listed) |
| Taxa Included Synonym: | (none) |
| UKSI Recommended Name: | Zora nemoralis |
| UKSI Recommended Authority: | (Blackwall, 1861) |
| UKSI Recommended Qualifier: | (none specified) |
| Red List Citation: | Harvey et al., 2017 |
| Notes on taxonomy/listing: | (none) |
Criteria
| Question 1: | Does species need conservation or recovery in England? |
| Response: | Yes |
| Justification: | VU, criteria: B2ab(ii,iv): 2 recent new sites may change status at next review but remains very rare/fragmented. A N and W species with the majority of records from and Scotland and some from Wales. Apparently lost from N and C Pennine sites. |
| Question 2: | Does recovery/ conservation depend on species-specific actions? |
| Response: | Yes |
| Justification: | Very rare in relation to apparently suitable habitat. Better understanding of status needed to evaluate apparent range shift. |
| Question 3: | At a landscape scale, would the species benefit from untargeted habitat management to increase habitat mosaics, structural diversity, or particular successional stages? |
| Response: | No |
| Justification: | This species would not benefit from untargeted management |
Species Assessment
| Current step on the Species Recovery Curve (SRC): | 2. Biological status assessment exists |
| Recovery potential/expectation: | Low - Combination or other (detail in comments) |
| National Monitoring Resource: | Opportunistic - insufficient |
| Species Comments: | Found under logs and in litter and moss under heather and at the margins of semi-natural woodland. Recovery potential in England likely to be low because of declining and fragmented habitat with possibility of climate change influences. |
Key Actions
Key Action 1
Proposed Action: Targeted survey of all former sites from which it has not been recorded recently, and similar near-by habitat, using standardised methodology to assess current status (and establish baseline for national monitoring programme)
Action targets: 2. Biological status assessment exists
Action type: Status survey/review
Duration: 2 years
Scale of Implementation: ≤ 10 sites
High priority sites: Hexham/Allendale area, Northumbria; Wharncliffe Wood, Rough Hey Woods, Yorks.; Whitbarrow Scar, Cumbria, Hope Valley, Salop;
Comments: Particular focus needed on former sites in C and N Pennines
Key Action 2
Proposed Action: Autecological research to establish microhabitat requirements, inform management and increase understanding of likelihood of a climate-induced range shift.
Action targets: 4. Autecology and pressures understood
Action type: Scientific research
Duration: 2 years
Scale of Implementation: ≤ 5 sites
High priority sites:
Comments: Focus on any reliable sites - may need to include Welsh site to achieve this, e.g. Coed Dinorwig.
Key Action 3
Proposed Action: Ensure site managers are aware of species past/recent presence and vulnerability on their sites. Update them with Action 1 and 2 results to provide any resulting guidance on locations/management and inform commissioning of invertebrate survey work (methods likely to detect/damage species, need for retention and examination of spider by-catch when not a survey target)
Action targets: 5. Remedial action identified
Action type: Advice & support
Duration: >10 years
Scale of Implementation: ≤ 10 sites
High priority sites:
Comments: Assemble mailing list and update site managers at species-appropriate intervals; most easily delivered by BAS/SRS.
Acknowledgment:
Data used on this website are adapted from Threatened species recovery actions 2025 baseline (JP065): Technical report and spreadsheet user guide (Natural England, 2025). Available here.